History
Sea grape, whose scientific name is Coccoloba uvifera, is believed to be endemic to the Caribbean, Central America (Atlantic coast), and the tropical regions of the Americas, including Florida and Bermuda further north. Today, it is found along many beaches in Martinique, including one beach that bears its name.
Varieties
This tree is truly unique because it adapts perfectly to the sandy and rocky soils of the coastline. The ocean winds shape its branching form and horizontal limbs. It is therefore highly wind‑resistant and very tolerant of sea salt. It is often planted along beaches to help stabilize them.
Outside windy coastal zones, it is cultivated for ornamental purposes, as it develops a more spherical crown reaching up to 10 meters in height. It can withstand temperatures as low as 2°C. Its beautiful, broad, leathery leaves are rounded and almost circular, with prominent reddish veins. Shiny green at first, the leaves turn yellow and then red before falling.
The fragrant white flowers bloom in upright clusters that later droop under the weight of the fruit. Male and female flowers grow on separate plants, so cross‑pollination is required for fruit development. The fruit is the size of a green marble, turning purple when ripe. Sea grape has absolutely nothing in common with the grapes found in Europe. It contains a large, hard seed that makes up most of the fruit.
Medicinal properties
Sea grapes are considered beneficial for general health. Their juice is used to treat digestive issues and several other ailments.
Uses
The pulp, with its mildly acidic and sweet flavor, is enjoyed fresh on the beach or in fruit‑infused punch. It can also be made into jam. Fermented juice produces a well‑liked wine.
The sap of the sea grape vine is used in the Caribbean and Jamaica for dyeing and leather tanning.
