History
The vanilla plant (Vanilla planifolia) is a vine of the family Orchidaceae whose pods after preparation are the vanillas. Aztecs used vanilla long before the arrival of European explorers in the area. Its introduction in Martinique may have been done via French Guiana in the early 18th century. Father Labat referred to vanilla in his writings.
Varieties
There are over a hundred varieties of vanilla depending on where you are. In Martinique found most often the variety called vanilla pompona shiede. It is also known as the vanillon or banana vanilla because the pods are fat and short. It's a vanilla with a very low yield. Its culture is very widespread and vanillin rate is lower. also found in Guadeloupe, tropical America, Brazil and Guyana.
It is the variety Vanilla Planifolia or vanilla Frangans is present in Madagascar, Reunion, Comoros, India, Uganda, Indonesia, Mexico and Tonga Islands. This is the most produced and most marketed worldwide. It benefits the appellation Bourbon.
The vanilla Tatitentis Moore present in French Polynesia which includes Tahiti was the second largest producer behind Madagascar.
Vanilla needs a hot and humid climate, with a hooking support and a certain shade. Three planting techniques are mainly used:
- Under trees using tree trunks as supports
- Intercropped eg between sugar cane
- Under shade house.
The preparation of vanilla requires a careful and methodical preparation whose principles were developed for a long time in Mexico. The simplest method which is called direct preparation, consists of leaving the pod to ripen alternating exhibitions in the shade and in the sun, but the results are unsatisfactory. It therefore prefers the indirect preparation starting with a sudden shock that kills the pod, followed by a series of processing, drying, and sorting that last almost ten months before reaching the finished product of the vanilla pod marketable.
Health benefits
Known for centuries as an aphrodisiac, vanilla is especially invigorating and relaxing. It is recommended in case of intellectual or physical fatigue, and its effectiveness against insomnia has been demonstrated.
For people who have little appetite, vanilla is aperitif before digestion. Rich in antioxidants, it helps fight against cellular aging.
Uses
Vanilla is used in many desserts including the design of yogurt, ice cream, flanks and dessert creams. Its aroma scent to wish for all our cakes or pancakes. In Martinique, it is also used in the design of punches.
